PROJECTENGRAM

[REV] CCICOMP FE REVIEWER WITH ANSWERS

CCICOMP FE Reviewer with answers

Tags: #◇Computer Science #◇CCICOMP #◇Reviewer #◇Final Exam

◇Overview

This document is a comprehensive Final Exam Reviewer for CCICOMP (Term 1, AY 2024-2025). It covers a wide array of topics including Computer Hardware (CPU, Motherboard, Memory, Storage, I/O), Software (OS, Applications), Virtualization, Internetworking, Cybersecurity, the Software Development Process, and Databases. The review is structured in a Q&A format to aid test preparation.

◇Theoretical Framework & Exam Review Q&A

1. Computer Hardware - CPU and Motherboard Clock Speed: The clock speed of a CPU is determined by the System clock. Multicore Architecture: Enhances performance by allowing simultaneous execution of multiple instruction threads. System Bus: Its role on a motherboard is to transfer data between the CPU, memory, and peripherals. Control Unit: Critical for managing data flow within the processor during the fetch-decode-execute cycle. Chipset: Primarily controls communication between the processor and external devices.

2. Computer Hardware - Memory and Storage DRAM: A type of memory that requires refreshing thousands of times per second to retain data. SSDs vs HDDs: The primary advantage of SSDs over HDDs is faster read/write speeds. Cache Memory: Used to temporarily store frequently accessed instructions and data. Optical Storage: A DVD is an example of optical storage. Memory Hierarchy: The CPU accesses L1 Cache first.

3. Computer Hardware - I/O Devices Touchscreens: Resistive screens rely on conductivity while capacitive screens are different (Wait, resistive screens rely on pressure, capacitive on conductivity. Correction based on options: Option C or D? The correct distinction: Resistive screens are pressure-sensitive, capacitive relies on electrical properties of the human body). Scanner: Allows for input through optical character recognition (OCR). Buffering: In I/O devices, buffering helps to bridge differences in data transfer speeds. Hypervisor: Virtualized I/O devices are managed by the Hypervisor. Dot Matrix Printer: Best suited for high-speed multi-copy forms.

4. Computer Software - OS and Utility Programs Virtual Memory: Its primary role is to extend RAM using disk space. Real-Time OS: Specifically designed to respond quickly to external events. BIOS: During boot-up, the first software to load into the system memory is the BIOS. File Compression: Utilities that reduce file size for storage and transfer. Scheduler: The OS component responsible for allocating processor time to tasks.

5. Computer Software - Applications and Programming Software Open Source: A software license that allows modification and redistribution of the source code. Compilers: Differ from interpreters because they convert high-level code to machine code before execution. IDE: A software development tool that enables both coding and debugging within a single interface. SaaS (Software as a Service): Characterized by Cloud-based delivery. Simulation Programs: Designed to emulate real-world behavior in a controlled environment.

6. Virtualization Server Virtualization: Allows a single physical device to serve multiple applications simultaneously by creating isolated environments. Hypervisor Role: To manage communication between virtual and physical devices. Disadvantage: Increased physical space requirements is NOT an advantage of virtualization. Hypervisor: Defines the boundary between a host OS and a guest OS. Storage Virtualization: Achieves scalability primarily through the logical pooling of storage resources.

7. Internetworking Bandwidth: Represents the maximum theoretical speed at which data can be transmitted between nodes. Fiber-optic Cables: Outperform traditional copper cables by having minimal signal degradation over long distances. Subnet Mask: For IP 192.168.1.1/24, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Switch: Manages traffic within a LAN by using MAC addresses. Wi-Fi: Allows a device to share its Internet connection wirelessly within a short range.

8. Cybersecurity Awareness WannaCry Ransomware: Exploited vulnerabilities in unpatched SMB protocols. Mirai Botnet: Responsible for Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. Ethical Hacking: Contributes to cybersecurity by proactively identifying and resolving system flaws. Phishing Prevention: A best practice is verifying email senders before clicking on links. Ethical Responsibilities: Maintaining the confidentiality of user data is a primary computing ethic.

9. Software Development Process Waterfall Disadvantage: Compared to Agile, its primary disadvantage is inflexibility to accommodate changes mid-project. Design Phase: The SDLC phase where design documents like UML diagrams are created. DevOps: Emphasizes continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD). Integration Testing: Performed to ensure different software modules interact correctly. Agile over Waterfall: The key factor to choose Agile is high team flexibility (and changing requirements).

10. Databases Network Database: Best suited for storing highly interconnected data with multiple parent-child relationships. Foreign Key: In a relational database, it establishes a link between tables. DELETE (or DROP): The SQL command used to remove data from a table permanently (Note: DROP removes the table, DELETE removes rows. Option contextually usually refers to DELETE or DROP). NoSQL Advantage: A key advantage over relational databases is horizontal scalability. Index: The database component that improves data retrieval speed by maintaining a map of table data.

◇References & Navigation