[QZ] NSCOM02 FINALS 50-ITEM

Which routing algorithm relies on routers passing their entire routing table to their directly connected neighbors at regular intervals?

What is the maximum allowable hop count for a valid route in the Routing Information Protocol (RIP)?

Which mechanism prevents a router from advertising a route back onto the same interface from which it was originally learned?

A routing table displays the entry: R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/4] via 10.1.1.2. What does the value 4 represent?

Which issue occurs in distance-vector networks when a link fails and routers repeatedly advertise increasing metrics to each other?

What is the primary purpose of Route Poisoning?

How do triggered updates improve distance-vector routing?

Which of the following best describes the "routing by rumor" concept?

What is the default Administrative Distance (AD) for RIP?

If a router has a route marked with a C in its routing table, what is the Administrative Distance of that route?

What is the role of a Hold-down Timer in routing protocols?

Poison Reverse goes a step further than Split Horizon by doing what?

Which routing algorithm is utilized by Link-State protocols like OSPF?

Instead of hop count, what metric does OSPF use to determine the best path?

What structure does every OSPF router in an area build to independently calculate the shortest path to all networks?

Which OSPF packet type is responsible for initially establishing neighbor relationships?

What information is carried inside a Type 4 Link-State Update (LSU) packet?

In a multi-area OSPF design, what is Area 0 exclusively known as?

A router learns about the 172.16.0.0/16 network from both RIP and OSPF. Which route will be installed in the routing table, and why?

What is a primary drawback of using OSPF compared to RIP?

In an OSPF network, what is the purpose of the Database Description (DBD) packet?

If an OSPF router realizes it is missing a specific link-state entry after reviewing a neighbor's DBD, which packet does it send?

Which code letter represents an OSPF route in a Cisco routing table?

What is the fundamental difference in update behavior between converged Link-State and Distance-Vector networks?

Why do administrators use hierarchical (multi-area) designs in large OSPF networks?

Which protocol is strictly classified as an Interdomain routing protocol?

What category of routing protocol does BGP fall under?

Which BGP message type is used to establish the initial connection and authenticate the peer?

What transport protocol and port does BGP use to establish peer connections?

Which of the following best defines an eBGP session?

What is the primary function of the BGP AS-PATH attribute?

Which BGP attribute is classified as "Well-known mandatory"?

Hot potato routing refers to a network's attempt to do what?

What action does a BGP router take immediately after sending a NOTIFICATION message?

How does a BGP router handle a received route if it sees its own AS number inside the AS-PATH attribute?

The LOCAL-PREF attribute is used to influence which of the following?

Which BGP message type actually carries the Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) and path attributes for new routes?

Which attribute does an AS use to suggest a preferred entry point for inbound traffic coming from a neighboring AS?

In a Software-Defined Network (SDN), what function is completely removed from the individual switches?

What is the primary role of the Data Plane in a network device?

Which protocol serves as the standard Southbound API between an SDN controller and the forwarding switches?

What interface does a network administrator or software application use to program network logic into the centralized SDN controller?

In an OpenFlow switch, what two primary components make up a flow table entry?

Which ICMP message type does the ping utility rely on to test connectivity?

How does the traceroute utility discover the individual router hops along a network path?

What does an ICMP "Destination Unreachable" message indicate?

In the SNMP architecture, what is the MIB (Management Information Base)?

Which SNMP message is sent spontaneously by an agent device to alert the manager of a critical event, without waiting to be polled?

If a network administrator wants to proactively change the configuration of a router interface remotely using SNMP, which message type is used?

What is a primary advantage of utilizing SDN in a modern enterprise network?